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[LTA intro music]

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LiveTextAccess.

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Training for real-time
intralingual subtitlers.

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This is Unit 1.
Understanding accessibility.

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Element 3. Embedding accessibility
in working environments.

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In this video lecture,
we show the second part

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of a testimonial by D’Arcy McPherson,

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a real-time intralingual subtitler
from Canada.

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He will talk about real-time subtitles
in the TV context.

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You can also watch the interview
on the same topic

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made with Evan Dorrestein.

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My name is Piero Cavallo

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from the Internationale Hochschule
SDI München, in Germany.

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I have prepared this video lecture

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in collaboration with Rocío Bernabé Caro,
also from SDI München,

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and the European Federation
of Hard of Hearing, in short, EFHOH.

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On completion of the training sequence,

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you will be able to advise customers
about how to best set up

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an accessible real-time
working environment

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for persons with hearing loss

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in the trained working contexts
and settings.

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To achieve that,

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we will show testimonials
and interviews of professionals.

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The agenda is very short.

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First, I am going to introduce
our invited speaker, D’Arcy McPherson.

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Then, I will illustrate the topics
of the interview.

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Finally, this video lecture ends
with a summary.

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Please note, that this is the second part
of the lecture.

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First of all,
let me introduce you D’Arcy McPherson.

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D’Arcy McPherson is a broadcast captioner
and court reporter from Canada.

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During his career,
he also worked in other countries.

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He is now the director
of Hansard Services,

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at the Legislative Assembly
of British Columbia, in Canada.

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He uses a stenotype machine
to provide real-time subtitles.

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Let me give you some information

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before watching
the second part of the video.

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In this second part of the video,
D’Arcy answered some questions

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that we sent to him before
using a webcam.

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He talks about how to best set up
in order to provide accessibility

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with real-time subtitles in live TV,

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or broadcast captioning, as he calls it.

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He starts giving suggestions

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to future professionals
entering in the field.

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We will see the importance
of building a network,

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of providing accurate subtitles
and of getting certifications.

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We will also learn
about the three P’s for success:

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Practice, Punctuality,
and Preparation.

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Finally, D’Arcy makes some forecast
on the future of the profession

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and the role of artificial intelligence.

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Ok, let’s watch the video now!

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In terms of additional considerations,
I mentioned finding a mentor

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through your firm.

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Another way to do that is
through associations or Facebook groups.

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I wouldn't be here speaking to you now

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if I hadn't attended
the Intersteno conference.

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The last one that was held publicly

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in Sardinia.

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I met a lot of people there,
and that was a really good experience.

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I learned a lot
from different environments

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and people who perform the work
in different ways.

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Facebook groups
or different types of connect,

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networking groups,
are really useful places

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and can target your specific interests

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quite nicely.

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I'd recommend looking into those, as well.
There are lots of them.

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And one of the other things
that I think is important to know

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is that, prior to do any job,
you should try and get

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as much information as possible,
not only from the employer,

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but from the other people
that you may be working with,

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or if you want to just be--

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not connected with a firm and freelance,

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then understand
what's meant by that, as well.

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I’ve talked a little bit
about consumer needs and expectations.

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In addition to people with hearing loss,

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a large number of people
who rely on captions

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are people whose first language is not
the one that you may be writing.

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In my case, that's English.

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And so that's
an important consideration too:

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that there are people out
there who are relying on you

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to better understand the language.
They may be hearing,

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fully hearing, but they may not understand
the particular language as well,

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That's another dynamic to consider.

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People who are...

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able to hear,

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may be look at your captions,

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and critiquing you
in a way to understand,

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"Why is that not written exactly
the way that person said something,

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or the way I heard it?”

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Because there may be times
that you have to work around something.

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For instance, if you know
a word isn't in your dictionary,

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instead of say...

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“dodecahedron”,

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which would take a long time
to spell out with individual letters,

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you could say a “multi-sided shape”

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and the message would be conveyed,
but the person who hears

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would think,
“OK, that's not what was said.”

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there is some latitude,
but it's also important to understand

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that you should be
as accurate as possible,

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That type of editing on the fly is great
if you're stuck,

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but it's not encouraged.
The object is, obviously, verbatim.

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And to try and convey
the messages as accurately

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to the person
who's relying on the captions,

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as the person who heard the spoken words

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and the ambient noise
heard it as possible.

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One of the other aspects of...

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being a broadcast captioner
is wanting to be able to give comfort

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to the people that you're working for,
as soon as possible.

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So, if that means--

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if you're applying for a job,

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and your employer doesn't know you,
but wants to know more about you,

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one of the ways to do that is
with a demonstration of your education,

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your skills and abilities,

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and that includes certification
in certain instances.

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Certification doesn't exist
for everyone in every jurisdiction,

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but for those that it does,

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it's one way to present yourself

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as saying,
“I have committed to...

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improving myself professionally
and this is a demonstration of that.

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And I have also the--

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I’ve passed tests at certain levels
and you can expect that

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as a minimum standard for me.”

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It's something
that I certainly encourage

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to people who are in the field,
who may have been in it for a long time.

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It's also something that...

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companies who may be applying
for contracts

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can find useful as well,

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if they have a body of people
on their team who have...

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certifications.
Sometimes contracts, that are

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being put out for tender are asking
for that specifically.

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If you can add
your list of qualifications,

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that can really help your company out
in terms of getting more contracts

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and then you get more work.

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So, it's a win-win.
And there's certainly a direct benefit.

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The--

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One thing that I want to emphasize too
is that there are,

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I think generically,
three P's for success,

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and for the broadcast captioner
that is absolutely true.

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Those three P's are: Practice,
Punctuality and Preparation.

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You need to practice your skills
on a daily basis.

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I’ve been doing this for decades

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and it's still important for me
to practice.

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Broadcast captioning is not
my full-time job,

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but I want to be able to do
an excellent job,

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and as excellent a job
as someone whose job it is full-time

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when I’m doing it.
So, I practice.

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And it's--

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Some people think that,

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when they finish school
and they finish their program,

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“I'll never have to practice again
because I’ve achieved that level."

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The level needs maintenance,

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and you need to maintain those levels
in order to perform the job.

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Hopefully I’m preaching
it converted already,

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but it is very important

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and it's something
that I encourage people to do.

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Preparation is another big part
of the job.

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Going into any type
of broadcast captioning task

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you'll want to either have--

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if you're doing news,

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any type of daily events,
you want to be well read,

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be well aware of the current events
that are going on,

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the names that may come up,

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the proper names that are are going to be
in the top stories.

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Really in any of the stories most...

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broadcasters have a website
that you can check

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and see the latest news there

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and usually that will be reflected

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in the show that you're broadcasting.

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Sporting events,

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award shows,

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religious programming.
All of that has specific vocabulary.

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It's the responsibility of the broadcast
captioner to have put in time,

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to ensure that the words that are
potentially able to come up come up--

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come up correctly, and,

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you know, spelled properly.

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And the third “P” is punctuality.

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This is maybe self-evident,
but it needs to be really brought home:

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that if you're doing a show
that starts at 10 o'clock in the morning,

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you can't show up at 10:05.

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You have to be ready on air and tested

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10 to 15 minutes prior, at least,
in my instance, that's our protocol.

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So, you dial into the master control,

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and you run a test on both the audio
and the encoder, connectivity.

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And then you're ready to go.

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If there's a problem,
you have master controls number.

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You can immediately communicate
with them.

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Sometimes your connection will give out
for whatever reason:

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either there's an electrical outage
in the neighborhood

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and that affects your output.

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Then you may have to redo that section
again and they can set you up.

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But those are the three P's,
at least for me,

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are: “practice”, “punctuality”,
and “preparation”.

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In terms of the future

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and what I think broadcast captioning
has to look forward to,

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I know that in--

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there’s often a debate
about artificial intelligence

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and that, you know, there's no need
to go into this field, because

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one day artificial intelligence
will do everything.

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We don't need to invest
in training closed captioners,

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broadcasters speech captures.

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I tend to disagree with that.

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Artificial intelligence has been around
for about 20 years

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and it's made significant advances
and it's amazing in a lot of ways,

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but the total benefit
that a live human brings to...

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to the table is,

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in my opinion, something that’s far away
from artificial intelligence,

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at least at this stage.

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The general information that I’ve heard

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is that it's a long way from…

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from being something that would
actually replace the human person.

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So, I feel confident
that the limitations

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that exist with artificial intelligence
will be a huge hurdle to overcome.

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If someone is qualified, conscientious,

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and brings superior
and excellent skills to the table,

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I think that they have a long
and solid future to look forward to.

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As a professional,

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I think it's important to continue
to always strive to offer more

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than artificial intelligence can.

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So developing skills,

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our perception and understanding
of different environments

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and offering the service quality
and flexibility

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that artificial intelligence can't,

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I think will always keep us
at the forefront of the pack.

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So, that's the end
of my broadcast captioning spiel.

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If any of you have any questions,
feel free to reach out to me.

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I’m happy to do so.

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The summary.

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To briefly sum up the suggestions
that D’Arcy shared with us,

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we can say that is very important
for a subtitler

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to build a network of other experts

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working in the same
or in different settings.

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This can be done via social media

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or by attending workshops
and conferences.

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This will let you grow professionally,

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as you will know how other people work,
and learn from them.

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Then, we learned that
if you are stuck during a job,

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workarounds are a good way to continue.

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For example, if a word is not
in your dictionary,

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you can use a synonym
or a circumlocution.

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But remember that who is relying
on the subtitles is expecting

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that you type or respeak
as many words as possible.

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So, verbatim is the goal.

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Moreover, we have seen
how important certifications are

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in order to let employers know
that you are a valuable professional.

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Certifications are also good
for companies

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to be proud of having
a skilled professional in their team.

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For a real-time subtitler

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the three P’s for success are:
Practice, Punctuality, and Preparation.

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Practice, because you need to practice
your skills on a daily basis,

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in order to do an excellent job.

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Preparation means
that you need to prepare

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for the job you are going to do.

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Specific vocabulary and proper names
are just some examples.

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The third P is Punctuality.

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This means that,
when you are going to subtitle a show,

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you need to be prepared
and set up prior starting the job.

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Finally, D’Arcy made some forecasts
on the future of the profession.

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Will artificial intelligence

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ever replace professional
real-time subtitlers?

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Well, no. At least for now.

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Even if artificial intelligence has made
many improvements

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over the last decades,

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the human contribution is still needed.

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So, if someone is qualified,

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they have a long and fruitful future
to look forward to.

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But, it is important to always strive
to offer more

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than artificial intelligence,
as suggested by D’Arcy.

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Exercises.

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The exercises for this video lecture are
in the Trainer’s Guide

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and the PowerPoint file of part 2.

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[LTA outro music]

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LTA - LiveTextAccess.

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00:16:50,364 --> 00:16:52,934
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.

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00:16:53,934 --> 00:16:57,082
SDI - Internationale Hochschule.

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00:16:58,207 --> 00:17:01,707
Scuola Superiore
per Mediatori Linguistici.

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00:17:02,926 --> 00:17:04,520
2DFDigital.

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00:17:05,660 --> 00:17:08,918
The European Federation
of Hard of Hearing People - EFHOH.

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VELOTYPE.

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SUB-TI ACCESS.

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European Certification
and Qualification Association - ECQA.

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Co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme
of the European Union.

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Erasmus+ Project:

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2018-1-DE01-KA203-004218.

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00:17:44,073 --> 00:17:47,409
The information and views set
on this presentation

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are those of the authors

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00:17:49,756 --> 00:17:53,284
and do not necessarily reflect
the official opinion

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00:17:53,612 --> 00:17:54,964
of the European Union.

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00:17:56,034 --> 00:17:59,659
Neither the European Union
institutions and bodies

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00:18:00,237 --> 00:18:02,854
nor any person acting on their behalf

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00:18:03,464 --> 00:18:06,026
may be held responsible for the use

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00:18:06,495 --> 00:18:09,846
which may be made
of the information contained here.